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MSBC Media PlayerMedia Center
MSBCOC | Featured Article
The History of Mother's Day
The majority of countries that celebrate Mother's Day do so on the second Sunday of May. On this day, it is common for Mothers to be lavished with presents and special attention from their families, friends and loved ones.
Julia Ward Howe's Mother's Day Proclamation of 1870
The first North American Mother's Day was
conceptualized with Julia Ward Howe's Mother's Day Proclamation in 1870. Despite
having penned The Battle Hymn of the Republic 12 years earlier, Howe had become
so distraught by the death and carnage of the Civil War that she called on
Mother's to come together and protest what she saw as the futility of their Sons
killing the Sons of other Mothers. With the following, she called for an
international Mother's Day celebrating peace and motherhood:
Arise, then, women of this day!
Arise all women who have hearts,
Whether your baptism be that of water or of tears
Say firmly:
"We will not have great questions decided by
irrelevant agencies,
Our husbands shall not come to us reeking of carnage,
For caresses and applause.
Our sons shall not be taken from us to unlearn
All that we have been able to teach them of
charity, mercy and patience.
"We women of one country
Will be too tender of those of another country
To allow our sons to be trained to injure theirs."
From the bosom of the devastated earth a voice goes
up with
Our own. It says, "Disarm, Disarm!"
The sword of murder is not the balance of justice!
Blood does not wipe out dishonor
Nor violence indicate possession.
As men have of ten forsaken the plow and the anvil at the summons of war.
Let women now leave all that may be left of home
For a great and earnest day of counsel.
Let them meet first, as women, to bewail and commemorate the dead.
Let them then solemnly take counsel with each other
as to the means
Whereby the great human family can live in peace,
Each bearing after his own time the sacred impress, not of Caesar,
But of God.
In the name of womanhood and humanity, I earnestly
ask
That a general congress of women without limit of nationality
May be appointed and held at some place deemed most convenient
And at the earliest period consistent with its objects
To promote the alliance of the different nationalities,
The amicable settlement of international questions.
The great and general interests of peace.
Anna M. Jarvis's Mother's Day in 1908
After Anna Reeves Jarvis died, her daughter Anna M.
Jarvis campaigned for the creation of an official Mother's Day in remembrance of
her mother and in honor of peace. In 1908, Anna petitioned the superintendent of
the church where her Mother had spent over 20 years teaching Sunday school. Her
request was honored, and on May 10, 1908, the first official Mother's Day
celebration took place at Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia
and a church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The West Virginia event drew a
congregation of 407 and Anna Jarvis arranged for white carnations-her Mother's
favorite flower-to adorn the patrons. Two carnations were given to every Mother
in attendance. Today, white carnations are used to honor deceased Mothers, while
pink or red carnations pay tribute to Mothers who are still alive. Andrew's
Methodist Church exists to this day, and was incorporated into the International
Mother's Day Shrine in 1962.
US Government Adoption
In 1908 a U.S. Senator from Nebraska, Elmer Burkett, proposed making Mother's Day a national holiday at the request of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). The proposal was defeated, but by 1909 forty-six states were holding Mother's Day services as well as parts of Canada and Mexico.
Anna Jarvis quit working and devoted herself full time to the creation of Mother's Day, endlessly petitioning state governments, business leaders, women groups, churches and other institutions and organizations. She finally convinced the World's Sunday School Association to back her, a key influence over state legislators and congress. In 1912 West Virginia became the first state to officially recognize Mother's Day, and in 1914 Woodrow Wilson signed it into national observance, declaring the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day.
The Fight Over Commercialization
The holiday flourished in the United States and flowers, especially white carnations, became very popular. One business journal, Florists Review, went so far as to print, "This was a holiday that could be exploited." But the budding commercialization of Mother's Day greatly disturbed Jarvis, so she vociferously opposed what she perceived as a misuse of the holiday. In 1923 she sued to stop a Mother's Day event, and in the 1930's she was arrested for disturbing the peace at the American War Mothers group. She was protesting their sale of flowers. In the 1930's Jarvis also petitioned against the postage stamp featuring her Mother, a vase of white carnations and the word "Mother's Day." Jarvis was able to have the words "Mother's Day" removed. The flowers remained. In 1938, Time Magazine ran an article about Jarvis's fight to copyright Mother's Day, but by then it was already too late to change the commercial trend.
In opposition to the flower industry's exploitation
of the holiday, Jarvis wrote, "What will you do to route charlatans,
bandits, pirates, racketeers, kidnappers and other termites that would
undermine with their greed one of the finest, noblest and truest movements
and celebrations?" Despite her efforts, flower sales on Mother's Day
continued to grow. Florist's Review wrote, "Miss Jarvis was completely
squelched."
Anna Jarvis died in 1948, blind, poor and childless. Jarvis would never know that it was, ironically, The Florist's Exchange that had anonymously paid for her care.
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